![]() Improved performance: Immutable objects can be optimized by the compiler and runtime, as they don't need to account for changes to their values. This can eliminate the need for complex synchronization mechanisms. Thread safety: Immutable objects can be safely accessed from multiple threads, as they cannot be modified concurrently. Since the values cannot change, there is no need to worry about side effects that may occur in mutable objects. Predictable behavior: Immutable objects behave predictably, which can make code easier to reason about and debug. Let's explore some of the benefits of immutability and how to apply it in Kotlin. In Kotlin, there are several ways to enforce immutability, such as using val instead of var, which creates a read-only variable. This is in contrast to a mutable programming paradigm, where data can be modified in-place. In an immutable programming paradigm, data cannot be changed once it is created. Likewise, if you have an immutable reference to a mutable thing, you’re ensuring not that the mutable thing won’t change, just that your immutable reference won’t ever point to anything but what you set it to.Immutability is an important concept in functional programming. Any errors resulting from modification is up to the implementation it could be desired or not, it’s not the compilers concern. Immutable ensures that while you may not get the exact thing you wanted, it will still be in the form of that thing as described - mutating an “immutable” list, you still have a list with all the bells and whistles of a list. If you introduce bugs through modifying the thing, that’s an implementation detail, that’s up to the developer to ensure. ![]() Now, in languages like Kotlin and Java, whatever you say the thing is, it is that thing. Some modern languages allow this too - Swift offers UnsafePointer, in which you tell it what that memory represents but it offers zero guarantees that’s actually what’s there. You can then pass that pointer around freely. In C, you can use void pointers like a magic bullet - it can point to anything. The purpose is to prevent the reference from being mutated. ![]() The goal isn’t to prevent modification, and mutable/immutable is more or less a misnomer. Lots of great explanations of why you can do it and not why the opposite exists - immutability. ![]()
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